Ohio

Home/Ohio Ohio State-to-state migration of people and income, 2022–2023 filing years At a glance (2023) Cost of living 92 8% below the U.S. average Median home value $199,200 national $303,400 Home prices, 5 years +50.0% over the 5 years to 2023 Monthly rent $988 national $1,348 Homeownership 67% national 65% Unemployment 3.7% national 3.6% Household income $69,680 national $78,538 Median age 39.6 yrs national 38.7 The cost of living runs about 8% below the national average. The median home is valued at $199,200 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 50% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $988 a month. Unemployment averaged 3.7% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $69,680. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved. Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Ohio saw a net loss of 8,565 tax-filing households and a net loss of 6,913 individuals. Against a population of about 11,785,935, that is a net outflow of about 0.6 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area lost $1.7B in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 10,564 households, came from Florida; the largest outflow, about 13,170 households, went to Florida. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net loss of 5,804 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved. Net income (AGI) $1.7B nominal dollars Net households 8,565 tax returns Net people 6,913 exemptions 0.6 net people per 1,000 residents (population 11,785,935) Income (AGI) in and out Moved in$6.3B Moved out$8B Net -$1.7B (nominal) HowAmericaMoves.com Ohio counties Net migration by county. Hover for figures; click a county to open it. Net outNet in(AGI $) Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves. Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly. Loading map… HowAmericaMoves.com Top origin states 1Florida10,564$757.8M2Kentucky6,362$362.6M3Pennsylvania6,060$375.1M4Michigan5,970$358.1M5Texas5,212$363.8M6Indiana5,172$307.8M7California5,040$420.8M8New York4,280$273.8M9Illinois3,501$292.8M10North Carolina3,388$208.6M HowAmericaMoves.com Top destination states 1Florida13,170$1.6B2Kentucky6,769$413.3M3Texas6,519$507.3M4Michigan5,728$393.6M5Pennsylvania5,284$320.4M6Indiana5,279$321.8M7North Carolina5,026$391.1M8California4,702$412.2M9Illinois4,105$301.3M10New York3,807$259.6M HowAmericaMoves.com Churn by state both directions at once The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 2022–2023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort. Florida 10,564 13,170 -2,606 -$820.3M Kentucky 6,362 6,769 -407 -$50.7M Texas 5,212 6,519 -1,307 -$143.5M Michigan 5,970 5,728 +242 -$35.5M Pennsylvania 6,060 5,284 +776 +$54.8M Indiana 5,172 5,279 -107 -$14M California 5,040 4,702 +338 +$8.6M North Carolina 3,388 5,026 -1,638 -$182.4M New York 4,280 3,807 +473 +$14.2M Illinois 3,501 4,105 -604 -$8.5M Georgia 2,912 3,693 -781 -$85.3M Tennessee 2,672 3,365 -693 -$154M Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed. HowAmericaMoves.com Net migration by year Net 2012–2023: -$18.2B (-144,441 people) 20122023 HowAmericaMoves.com Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars) Year Net AGI Net people 2012 -$1.2B -21,820 2013 -$1.1B -13,775 2014 -$1.1B -18,674 2015 -$1.3B -14,227 2016 -$1.8B -19,757 2017 -$1.6B -10,454 2018 -$1.2B -6,315 2019 -$1.6B -11,019 2020 -$1.4B -7,938 2021 -$2.1B -7,745 2022 -$2.1B -5,804 2023 -$1.7B -6,913 Migration in context How big is this move, relative to the state? In the 2022–2023 filing year, about 6,913 more people left Ohio than moved in (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net loss of about $1.7B in income (nominal) — in a state of 11,808,390 people. Population 11,808,390 Census 2023 estimate Net migration rate 0.6 net people per 1,000 residents A Town Of 10,000 Would Net About -6 People. Net income per resident −$143 nominal dollars ≈ -$1.7B total across 11,808,390 residents. The rate lets you compare Ohio with a stateof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people. HowAmericaMoves.com Components of population change 2023 (Census) Where the state’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component. Births +128,738 Deaths 131,764 Net domestic migration +1,045 Net international migration +47,116 Total change +43,440 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers. HowAmericaMoves.com Income & cost of living What a dollar is worth here Prices around Ohio run about 8% below the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $109 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person. Income per person $61,740 what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal) 12% below the U.S. average Price level 91.9 100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity) everyday costs about 8.1% lower than average What that income buys $67,180 local income restated at U.S.-average prices 4% below the U.S. average Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier Price parity shown at the state level (BEA does not publish a single figure below the metro level). HowAmericaMoves.com Where the cost comes from price parity by category Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another. Housing & rents72.1 Goods94.2 Utilities89.2 Other services97.5 Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Who lives here The people of Ohio American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers). Median age 39.6 years Median household income $69,680 per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal) 11% below the U.S. median College degree 31% adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher Poverty rate 13.2% residents below the poverty line Average commute 24 min mean travel time to work Broadband at home 89% households with any broadband Race and ethnicity (share of residents) White 76%Hispanic 5%Black 12%Asian 2%Other 4% White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Housing what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023) Median home value $199,200 owner-occupied homes 34% below the U.S. median Median rent $988 gross rent per month 27% below the U.S. median Homeownership 67% of occupied homes are owner-occupied Home-price appreciation FHFA index, 2023 Past year +8.2% price change, 2022 to 2023 Past 5 years +50% price change, 2018 to 2023 A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index. New home construction building permits, 2023 27,318new housing units authorized in 2023 Single-family 59%Multifamily 41% Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey. Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Local economy & risk Jobs and natural hazards Unemployment rate 3.7% BLS 2023 annual average Labor force 5,840,627 5,627,187 employed Disaster declarations — major federal, 2023 Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Unemployment now 3.0% May 2026 ▼ 1.5 points vs May 2025 January 2024May 2026 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this state, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Who’s moving by income Net migration by income bracket Tax-filing households that moved into Ohio minus those that left, by the adjusted gross income they reported, 2022–2023. Positive means more arrived than left at that income level. $1–$10k +320 In 9,173Out 8,853+$1.3M AGI $10k–$25k 488 In 19,693Out 20,181-$11.5M AGI $25k–$50k 1,401 In 25,440Out 26,841-$54.2M AGI $50k–$75k 2,105 In 14,052Out 16,157-$129M AGI $75k–$100k 1,515 In 8,121Out 9,636-$131.4M AGI $100k–$200k 1,755 In 11,791Out 13,546-$235.4M AGI $200k+ 1,429 In 4,827Out 6,256-$1.1B AGI Among the highest earners ($200k+), Ohio ranks #40 of 51 states for net household migration (-1,429). Source: IRS Statistics of Income, state-level gross migration file (returns with negative AGI are excluded, so this won’t exactly match the totals above). Income is what filers reported, not a reason anyone moved. Compare all states by income bracket. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Goods trade What Ohio ships and receives Physical goods shipped between Ohio and other states, 2022. This is freight, not the migration of people or income shown above. $510.4B Ships to other states +41% since 2017 $420.0B Receives from states +20% since 2017 +$90.4B Net balance Top goods shipped out Motorized and other vehicles (includes parts) $96.7B Pharmaceutical products $77.2B Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, and office equipment $58.0B Mixed freight $57.0B Base metal in primary or semi-finished forms and in finished basic shapes $53.9B Machinery $51.8B Top goods received Pharmaceutical products $77.9B Base metal in primary or semi-finished forms and in finished basic shapes $49.5B Mixed freight $48.3B Motorized and other vehicles (includes parts) $47.6B Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, and office equipment $42.9B Machinery $35.5B Biggest trading partners (both ways) Goods trade runs in both directions: states swap different goods, so a partner is often near the top of both columns. Net is ships minus receives (positive means Ohio ships more to that partner than it gets back). Partner Ships to Receives Net Total Pennsylvania $43.3B $51.8B -$8.5B $95.1B Indiana $45.6B $41.9B +$3.7B $87.4B Michigan $49.8B $36.8B +$13.0B $86.6B California $44.2B $19.0B +$25.3B $63.2B Illinois $30.4B $29.7B +$658M $60.0B Kentucky $29.0B $27.2B +$1.8B $56.3B Texas $33.6B $19.7B +$13.9B $53.2B Georgia $16.0B $20.8B -$4.8B $36.8B Goods shipped every five years by the Census Commodity Flow Survey (a sample, so figures are estimates and the smallest flows are withheld). Value is nominal. The totals and partner table above count trade between Ohio and other states; the goods lists count everything the state ships or receives, including within-state shipments. Compare all states. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Taxes the state collects What Ohio collects in taxes Total state taxes $38.7B FY 2023, nominal Per resident $3,280 total state taxes ÷ population Largest categories (share of total) General sales & gross receipts$16.5B 42% Individual income tax$11.3B 29% Other selective sales tax$2.7B 7% Motor fuels sales tax$2.7B 7% Public utilities sales tax$1.2B 3% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of State Government Tax Collections. This is what the state government collected (not local taxes), not a measure of any individual’s tax burden. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Elections National maps → How Ohio has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page. President, 1976–2024 Year Democratic Republican Other Margin Total 2024 2,533,699 3,180,116 53,973 R +11.2 5,767,788 2020 2,679,165 3,154,834 88,203 R +8.0 5,922,202 2016 2,394,164 2,841,005 261,318 R +8.1 5,496,487 2012 2,827,621 2,661,407 91,794 D +3.0 5,580,822 2008 2,933,388 2,674,491 90,169 D +4.5 5,698,048 2004 2,739,952 2,858,727 26,952 R +2.1 5,625,631 2000 2,186,190 2,351,209 168,058 R +3.5 4,705,457 1996 2,148,222 1,859,883 526,329 D +6.4 4,534,434 1992 1,984,942 1,894,310 1,060,715 D +1.8 4,939,967 1988 1,939,629 2,416,549 37,407 R +10.9 4,393,585 1984 1,825,440 2,678,559 59,236 R +18.7 4,563,235 1980 1,752,414 2,206,545 324,644 R +10.6 4,283,603 1976 2,009,959 2,000,626 99,871 D +0.2 4,110,456 U.S. Senate races all states → Year Winner Democratic Republican Other Margin 2024 Bernie Moreno 2,650,949 2,857,383 196,288 R +3.6 2022 Jd Vance 1,939,489 2,192,114 1,739 R +6.1 2018 Sherrod Brown 2,355,923 2,053,963 — D +6.8 2016 Rob Portman 1,996,908 3,118,567 258,578 R +20.9 2012 Sherrod Brown 2,762,690 2,435,712 250,616 D +6.0 2010 Rob Portman 1,503,297 2,168,742 142,411 R +17.4 2006 Sherrod Brown 2,257,369 1,761,037 — D +12.3 2004 George V. Voinovich 1,961,171 3,464,356 — R +27.7 2000 Mike Dewine 1,595,066 2,665,512 187,437 R +24.1 U.S. House seats won district maps → 2024 D 5 R 10 2022 D 5 R 10 2020 D 4 R 12 2018 D 4 R 12 2016 D 4 R 12 2014 D 4 R 12 2012 D 4 R 12 2010 D 5 R 13 2008 D 10 R 8 2006 D 7 R 11 2004 D 6 R 12 2002 D 6 R 12 2000 D 8 R 11 2024 results by county Republican wonDemocratic wonIndependent / other Which party received the most votes, as a solid color.Winning margin as a share of all votes cast.Change in margin since 2020, in percentage points.Total votes cast, all candidates. Loading map… HowAmericaMoves.com Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast. Counties in Ohio (88) Adams CountyAllen CountyAshland CountyAshtabula CountyAthens CountyAuglaize CountyBelmont CountyBrown CountyButler CountyCarroll CountyChampaign CountyClark CountyClermont CountyClinton CountyColumbiana CountyCoshocton CountyCrawford CountyCuyahoga CountyDarke CountyDefiance CountyDelaware CountyErie CountyFairfield CountyFayette CountyFranklin CountyFulton CountyGallia CountyGeauga CountyGreene CountyGuernsey CountyHamilton CountyHancock CountyHardin CountyHarrison CountyHenry CountyHighland CountyHocking CountyHolmes CountyHuron CountyJackson CountyJefferson CountyKnox CountyLake CountyLawrence CountyLicking CountyLogan CountyLorain CountyLucas CountyMadison CountyMahoning CountyMarion CountyMedina CountyMeigs CountyMercer CountyMiami CountyMonroe CountyMontgomery CountyMorgan CountyMorrow CountyMuskingum CountyNoble CountyOttawa CountyPaulding CountyPerry CountyPickaway CountyPike CountyPortage CountyPreble CountyPutnam CountyRichland CountyRoss CountySandusky CountyScioto CountySeneca CountyShelby CountyStark CountySummit CountyTrumbull CountyTuscarawas CountyUnion CountyVan Wert CountyVinton CountyWarren CountyWashington CountyWayne CountyWilliams CountyWood CountyWyandot County Get the next update for Ohio The IRS releases new migration data once a year. 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