Ohio

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Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Ohio saw a net loss of 8,565 tax-filing households and a net loss of 6,913 individuals. Against a population of about 11,785,935, that is a net outflow of about 0.6 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area lost $1.7B in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars).

Migration Overview

• Net income (AGI): -$1.7B (nominal dollars)
• Net households: -8,565 tax returns
• Net people: -6,913 exemptions
• 0.6 net people per 1,000 residents (population 11,785,935)

Income (AGI) in and out:

• Moved in: $6.3B
• Moved out: $8B
• Net: -$1.7B (nominal)

Top Origin States

• Florida: 10,564 households, $757.8M AGI
• Kentucky: 6,362 households, $362.6M AGI
• Pennsylvania: 6,060 households, $375.1M AGI
• Michigan: 5,970 households, $358.1M AGI
• Texas: 5,212 households, $363.8M AGI
• Indiana: 5,172 households, $307.8M AGI
• California: 5,040 households, $420.8M AGI
• New York: 4,280 households, $273.8M AGI
• Illinois: 3,501 households, $292.8M AGI
• North Carolina: 3,388 households, $208.6M AGI

Top Destination States

• Florida: 13,170 households, $1.6B AGI
• Kentucky: 6,769 households, $413.3M AGI
• Texas: 6,519 households, $507.3M AGI
• Michigan: 5,728 households, $393.6M AGI
• Pennsylvania: 5,284 households, $320.4M AGI
• Indiana: 5,279 households, $321.8M AGI
• North Carolina: 5,026 households, $391.1M AGI
• California: 4,702 households, $412.2M AGI
• Illinois: 4,105 households, $301.3M AGI
• New York: 3,807 households, $259.6M AGI

Churn by State (Two-Way Exchanges)

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 2022–2023:

• Florida: 10,564 in, 13,170 out, Net -2,606 households, -$820.3M AGI
• Kentucky: 6,362 in, 6,769 out, Net -407 households, -$50.7M AGI
• Texas: 5,212 in, 6,519 out, Net -1,307 households, -$143.5M AGI
• Michigan: 5,970 in, 5,728 out, Net +242 households, -$35.5M AGI
• Pennsylvania: 6,060 in, 5,284 out, Net +776 households, +$54.8M AGI
• Indiana: 5,172 in, 5,279 out, Net -107 households, -$14M AGI
• California: 5,040 in, 4,702 out, Net +338 households, +$8.6M AGI
• North Carolina: 3,388 in, 5,026 out, Net -1,638 households, -$182.4M AGI
• New York: 4,280 in, 3,807 out, Net +473 households, +$14.2M AGI
• Illinois: 3,501 in, 4,105 out, Net -604 households, -$8.5M AGI

Net Migration by Year

Net 2012–2023: -$18.2B (-144,441 people)

• 2012: Net AGI -$1.2B, Net people -21,820
• 2013: Net AGI -$1.1B, Net people -13,775
• 2014: Net AGI -$1.1B, Net people -18,674
• 2015: Net AGI -$1.3B, Net people -14,227
• 2016: Net AGI -$1.8B, Net people -19,757
• 2017: Net AGI -$1.6B, Net people -10,454
• 2018: Net AGI -$1.2B, Net people -6,315
• 2019: Net AGI -$1.6B, Net people -11,019
• 2020: Net AGI -$1.4B, Net people -7,938
• 2021: Net AGI -$2.1B, Net people -7,745
• 2022: Net AGI -$2.1B, Net people -5,804
• 2023: Net AGI -$1.7B, Net people -6,913

Migration in Context

In the 2022–2023 filing year, about 6,913 more people left Ohio than moved in (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net loss of about $1.7B in income (nominal) — in a state of 11,808,390 people.

• Population: 11,808,390 (Census 2023 estimate)
• Net migration rate: 0.6 net people per 1,000 residents
• Net income per resident: -$143 (≈ -$1.7B total across 11,808,390 residents)

Components of Population Change (2023)

• Births: +128,738
• Deaths: 131,764
• Net domestic migration: +1,045
• Net international migration: +47,116
• Total change: +43,440

Income & Cost of Living

Prices around Ohio run about 8% below the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $109 buys in the average American community.

• Income per person: $61,740 (12% below the U.S. average)
• Price level: 91.9 (100 = U.S. average prices)
• What that income buys: $67,180 (local income restated at U.S.-average prices, 4% below the U.S. average)

Cost Breakdown by Category

• Housing & rents: 72.1 (Index where 100 = U.S. average)
• Goods: 94.2
• Utilities: 89.2
• Other services: 97.5

Demographics

• Median age: 39.6 years
• Median household income: $69,680 (11% below the U.S. median)
• College degree: 31% of adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher
• Poverty rate: 13.2%
• Average commute: 24 minutes
• Broadband at home: 89% of households

• Race and ethnicity (share of residents):
• White: 76%
• Hispanic: 5%
• Black: 12%
• Asian: 2%
• Other: 4%

Housing

• Median home value: $199,200 (34% below the U.S. median)
• Median rent: $988 (27% below the U.S. median)
• Homeownership rate: 67%
• Home-price