Massachusetts

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Analysis of state-to-state migration of people and income for Massachusetts, covering the 2022–2023 federal income tax filing years.

Key Statistics (2023)

• Cost of living: 8% above U.S. average (index: 108)
• Median home value: $525,800 (national: $303,400)
• Home price change (5 years): +45.3%
• Median rent: $1,687/month (national: $1,348)
• Homeownership rate: 63% (national: 65%)
• Unemployment rate: 3.5% (national: 3.6%)
• Median household income: $101,341 (national: $78,538)
• Median age: 40.0 years (national: 38.7)

Migration Overview (2022–2023)

• Net loss of tax-filing households: 16,921
• Net loss of individuals: 30,460 (4.4 per 1,000 residents)
• Net loss of adjusted gross income (AGI): $4.2B (nominal)
• Largest inflow: New York (10,479 households, $1B AGI)
• Largest outflow: Florida (12,159 households, $2.5B AGI)

Income Flow

• AGI moved in: $7.7B
• AGI moved out: $11.9B
• Net AGI loss: -$4.2B

Top Origin States (Inbound Migration)

• 1. New York: 10,479 households, $1B AGI
• 2. Florida: 8,058 households, $666.1M AGI
• 3. New Hampshire: 6,594 households, $557.6M AGI
• 4. California: 6,565 households, $825.5M AGI
• 5. Connecticut: 6,467 households, $556.4M AGI

Top Destination States (Outbound Migration)

• 1. Florida: 12,159 households, $2.5B AGI
• 2. New York: 11,027 households, $1.1B AGI
• 3. New Hampshire: 10,603 households, $1.4B AGI
• 4. California: 7,767 households, $903.2M AGI
• 5. Rhode Island: 6,510 households, $571.9M AGI

Migration by Income Bracket (Net Change)

• $1–$10k: +672 households, -$2.8M AGI
• $10k–$25k: +133 households, -$1.1M AGI
• $25k–$50k: +537 households, -$26.8M AGI
• $50k–$75k: +2,515 households, -$160.2M AGI
• $75k–$100k: +2,775 households, -$241.4M AGI
• $100k–$200k: +5,867 households, -$818.6M AGI
• $200k+: +3,965 households, -$2.9B AGI

Among the highest earners ($200k+), Massachusetts ranks #48 of 51 states for net household migration.

Historical Migration Trends (2012–2023)

• Net AGI loss: -$24.7B (nominal)
• Net people loss: -329,232

Year Net AGI Net People 2012-$918.1M-10,317 2013-$1B-11,915 2014-$760.8M-19,478 2015-$848.3M-13,556 2016-$1.4B-27,889 2017-$1.9B-36,001 2018-$1.5B-26,536 2019-$1.5B-26,086 2020-$2.6B-37,104 2021-$4.3B-44,276 2022-$3.9B-45,614 2023-$4.2B-30,460

Demographics

• Median age: 40.0 years
• College degree (adults 25+): 47%
• Poverty rate: 10.0%
• Average commute: 29 minutes
• Broadband at home: 92% of households
• Race/ethnicity (share of residents):
  • White: 68%
  • Hispanic: 13%
  • Black: 7%
  • Asian: 7%
  • Other: 6%

Housing

• Median home value: $525,800 (73% above U.S. median)
• Median rent: $1,687/month (25% above U.S. median)
• Homeownership rate: 63%
• Home-price appreciation (2022–2023): +7.7%
• Home-price appreciation (2018–2023): +45%
• New housing units authorized (2023): 13,214
  • Single-family: 38%
  • Multifamily: 62%

Economy

• Unemployment rate (2023): 3.5%
• Labor force: 3,824,146 (3,690,724 employed)
• Income per person: $89,947 (28% above U.S. average)
• Price parity: 107.7 (7.7% above U.S. average)

Goods Trade (2022)

• Shipped to other states: $232.6B (+40% since 2017)
• Received from other states: $189.1B (+24% since 2017)
• Net balance: +$43.4B

Top goods shipped out:

• Electronic/office equipment: $58.4B
• Pharmaceutical products: $52.6B
• Mixed freight: $22.0B
• Textiles/leather: $21.2B
• Precision instruments: $20.3B

Top goods received:

• Electronic/office equipment: $28.0B