Maine

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Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Maine saw a net gain of 3,553 tax-filing households and 6,390 individuals, resulting in a net inflow of about 4.6 per 1,000 residents (population: 1,395,722). The state gained $493.5M in associated adjusted gross income (AGI).

Migration Overview

• Net income (AGI): +$493.5M (nominal dollars)
• Net households: +3,553 tax returns
• Net people: +6,390 exemptions
• Net migration rate: +4.6 people per 1,000 residents

Income (AGI) movement:

• Moved in: $1.8B
• Moved out: $1.3B
• Net: +$493.5M (nominal)

Top Origin States (2022–2023)

• Massachusetts: 3,330 households, $378.1M AGI
• New Hampshire: 2,595 households, $192.1M AGI
• Florida: 2,029 households, $144.4M AGI
• New York: 1,375 households, $127.6M AGI
• California: 937 households, $90.4M AGI
• Connecticut: 796 households, $74.3M AGI
• Texas: 767 households, $67M AGI
• Pennsylvania: 616 households, $52.6M AGI
• Virginia: 558 households, $50.4M AGI
• North Carolina: 534 households, $35.1M AGI

Top Destination States (2022–2023)

• Massachusetts: 2,229 households, $173.3M AGI
• Florida: 2,185 households, $229.7M AGI
• New Hampshire: 1,972 households, $129.5M AGI
• New York: 963 households, $76.8M AGI
• North Carolina: 716 households, $50.3M AGI
• California: 622 households, $47.7M AGI
• Texas: 583 households, $42.9M AGI
• Virginia: 547 households, $44.9M AGI
• Connecticut: 476 households, $34.8M AGI
• Pennsylvania: 470 households, $29.4M AGI

Churn by State (Two-Way Migration)

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households (2022–2023):

• Massachusetts: 3,330 in, 2,229 out (Net: +1,101 households, +$204.7M AGI)
• New Hampshire: 2,595 in, 1,972 out (Net: +623 households, +$62.6M AGI)
• Florida: 2,029 in, 2,185 out (Net: -156 households, -$85.3M AGI)
• New York: 1,375 in, 963 out (Net: +412 households, +$50.8M AGI)
• California: 937 in, 622 out (Net: +315 households, +$42.7M AGI)

Net Migration by Year (2012–2023)

Cumulative net AGI and people over the decade:

• Net AGI: +$4.5B (nominal dollars)
• Net people: +65,117

Annual breakdown (nominal dollars):

• 2012: +$116M AGI, +496 people
• 2013: +$66.3M AGI, +1,205 people
• 2014: +$38.7M AGI, +1,428 people
• 2015: -$62M AGI, -1,164 people
• 2016: +$144.7M AGI, +2,864 people
• 2017: +$560.2M AGI, +9,799 people
• 2018: +$320.5M AGI, +5,960 people
• 2019: +$338.8M AGI, +5,415 people
• 2020: +$873M AGI, +11,352 people
• 2021: +$924.5M AGI, +12,364 people
• 2022: +$704.4M AGI, +9,008 people
• 2023: +$493.5M AGI, +6,390 people

Migration in Context

• Population (2023 estimate): 1,401,992
• Net migration rate: +4.6 people per 1,000 residents
• Net income per resident: +$352 (≈ +$493.5M total)

Components of population change (2023 Census):

• Births: +11,925
• Deaths: 17,066
• Net domestic migration: +9,859
• Net international migration: +5,713
• Total change: +10,407

Income & Cost of Living

• Cost of living: 2% below U.S. average (index: 98.0)
• Income per person: $65,447 (7% below U.S. average)
• Purchasing power: $66,807 (5% below U.S. average)

Price parity by category (index where 100 = U.S. average):

• Housing & rents: 80.4
• Goods: 98.3
• Utilities: 148.2
• Other services: 103.3

Demographics

• Median age: 44.8 years
• Median household income: $71,773 (9% below U.S. median)
• College degree: 35% of adults 25+
• Poverty rate: 10.8%
• Average commute: 24 minutes
• Broadband at home: 89% of households

Race and ethnicity (share of residents):

• White: 91%
• Hispanic: 2%
• Black: 2%
• Asian: 1%
• Other: 5%

Housing

• Median home value: $266,400 (12% below U.S. median)
• Median rent: $1,084 (20% below U.S. median)
• Homeownership rate: 74%
• Home-price appreciation (past year): +11.6%
• Home-price appreciation (past 5 years): +66%
• New home construction (2023): 6,183 units (73% single-family, 27% multifamily)

Local Economy & Risk

• Unemployment rate (2023): 2.6%
• Labor force: 694,353 (675,978 employed)
• Disaster declarations (2023): 4 major federal (most common: flood)
• Unemployment (May 2024): 3.1% (down 0.2 points vs. May 2023)

Migration by Income Bracket (2022–2023)

Net migration of tax-filing households by adjusted gross income (AGI):

• $1–$10k: +158 households (+$325K AGI)
• $10k–$25k: +328 households (+$5.8M AGI)
• $25k–$50k: +333 households (+$13.7M AGI)
• $50k–$75k: +443 households (+$28.1M AGI)
• $75k–$100k: +507 households (+$43.5M AGI)