California

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Analysis of California state-to-state migration of people and income for the 2022–2023 tax-filing years.

Key Statistics (2023)

• Cost of living: 12% above the U.S. average (index: 112)
• Median home value: $695,400 (national: $303,400)
• Home price change (5 years): +40.4%
• Median rent: $1,956/month (national: $1,348)
• Homeownership rate: 56% (national: 65%)
• Unemployment rate: 4.7% (national: 3.6%)
• Median household income: $96,334 (national: $78,538)
• Median age: 37.6 years (national: 38.7)

Migration Overview (2022–2023)

• Net loss of tax-filing households: 106,205
• Net loss of individuals: 209,197 (5.4 per 1,000 residents)
• Net loss of adjusted gross income (AGI): $12.9B (nominal)
• Largest inflow (households): Texas (24,970 households, $2.4B AGI)
• Largest outflow (households): Texas (44,417 households, $4.8B AGI)

Income Flow

• Total AGI moved in: $25.1B
• Total AGI moved out: $38B
• Net AGI loss: -$12.9B

Top Origin States (Inflow)

• Texas: 24,970 households, $2.4B AGI
• New York: 18,440 households, $2.8B AGI
• Washington: 17,871 households, $2.1B AGI
• Arizona: 16,283 households, $1.2B AGI
• Nevada: 14,775 households, $1.2B AGI

Top Destination States (Outflow)

• Texas: 44,417 households, $4.8B AGI
• Arizona: 28,402 households, $2.5B AGI
• Nevada: 26,210 households, $2.7B AGI
• Washington: 24,625 households, $2.7B AGI
• New York: 20,595 households, $2.8B AGI

Migration by Income Bracket (Net Change)

• $1–$10k: -8,782 households (-$45.4M AGI)
• $10k–$25k: -16,585 households (-$289.2M AGI)
• $25k–$50k: -21,461 households (-$785.9M AGI)
• $50k–$75k: -13,009 households (-$806.2M AGI)
• $75k–$100k: -8,989 households (-$784.2M AGI)
• $100k–$200k: -19,293 households (-$2.7B AGI)
• $200k+: -15,705 households (-$7.6B AGI)

Among the highest earners ($200k+), California ranks last (#51) for net household migration.

Historical Migration Trends (2012–2023)

• Cumulative net AGI loss: -$119.6B
• Cumulative net people loss: -1,868,956

Year Net AGI Net People 2012 +$2.2M -19,901 2013 -$3.8B -47,458 2014 -$4.2B -59,111 2015 -$2.1B -44,162 2016 -$2.2B -92,872 2017 -$6.9B -179,388 2018 -$8B -151,536 2019 -$8.8B -167,563 2020 -$17.8B -261,273 2021 -$29.1B -330,513 2022 -$23.8B -305,982 2023 -$12.9B -209,197

Demographics

• Median age: 37.6 years
• Median household income: $96,334 (23% above U.S. median)
• College degree (adults 25+): 37%
• Poverty rate: 12.0%
• Average commute: 29 minutes
• Broadband access: 93% of households

• Race/ethnicity (share of residents):
• White: 35%
• Hispanic: 40%
• Black: 5%
• Asian: 15%
• Other: 5%

Housing

• Median home value: $695,400 (129% above U.S. median)
• Median rent: $1,956/month (45% above U.S. median)
• Homeownership rate: 56%
• Home-price appreciation (past year): +1.8%
• Home-price appreciation (past 5 years): +40%
• New housing units authorized (2023): 111,760 (52% single-family, 48% multifamily)

Cost of Living Breakdown

• Housing & rents: 57.8% above U.S. average (index: 157.8)
• Goods: 6.8% above U.S. average (index: 106.8)
• Utilities: 47.3% above U.S. average (index: 147.3)
• Other services: 4.4% above U.S. average (index: 104.4)

$100 in California buys what $89 buys nationally.

Local Economy

• Unemployment rate (2023): 4.7%
• Labor force: 19,514,618 (18,593,621 employed)
• Major disaster declarations (2023): 9 (most common: severe storms)

Goods Trade (2022)

• Total shipped to other states: $751.5B (+23% since 2017)
• Total received from other states: $6