Revision Knee Replacement

Procedures

Mako Robotic-Arm Assisted procedures provide personalized surgical plans based on your unique anatomy using a CT scan and 3D modeling.

• Mako Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Knee Replacement

  A treatment option for adults with mid to late-stage osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. A CT scan of the diseased knee joint is taken and uploaded into the Mako System software to create a 3D model, which assists the surgeon in performing the total knee replacement.

• Mako Robotic-Arm Assisted Technology for Partial Knee Replacement

  Provides a personalized surgical plan using a CT scan and 3D model of the knee to assist the surgeon in performing a partial knee replacement.

• Computer Navigation for Total Knee Replacement

  A procedure to relieve pain and restore function in knees damaged by arthritis or injury when non-surgical treatments fail. It involves replacing damaged joint surfaces with artificial implants, though most implants wear with use.

• Knee Arthroscopy

  A common surgical procedure using an arthroscope to diagnose or treat knee problems. It is relatively safe, and most patients are discharged the same day.

• Minimally Invasive Knee Joint Replacement

  Developed to lessen tissue trauma and improve patient outcomes. This approach uses smaller incisions (compared to the traditional 10-12 inches) and spares the quadriceps muscle and tendon.

• Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

  A surgical procedure where worn-out or damaged knee joint surfaces are removed and replaced with artificial parts. The knee consists of the femur, tibia, patella, and meniscus (soft cartilage acting as a cushion).

• Uni Condylar Knee Replacement

  A minimally invasive surgery replacing only the damaged compartment of the knee with an implant, also called a partial knee replacement. The knee is divided into three compartments: patellofemoral, medial, and lateral.

Conditions

• Knee Fracture

  A break in the continuity of the bone, often caused by high-energy injuries in younger individuals (e.g., motor vehicle accidents) or weak and fragile bones in older people.

• Meniscus Tear

  The most common knee injury in athletes, especially in contact sports. A sudden bend or twist can cause a traumatic meniscus tear. Elderly people are prone to degenerative tears due to worn and weakened cartilage. The meniscus stabilizes the knee and acts as a shock absorber.

• Patellofemoral Instability

  The patella (kneecap) moves out of its normal alignment, potentially damaging underlying muscles and ligaments. The knee is divided into three compartments: patellofemoral, medial, and lateral.

Anatomy of the Knee Joint

The knee is a synovial joint acting like a hinge with some rotation, lined by synovium that produces lubricating fluid.

• Femur

  The largest and strongest bone in the body, connecting the hip to the knee. It provides attachment for most knee muscles.

  • Condyle

    The rounded end of the femur with a smooth articular surface allowing easy movement over the tibial meniscus.

• Tibia

  The second-largest bone in the body and the weight-bearing bone of the leg. The menisci partially cover its superior surface, acting as shock absorbers and assisting in knee rotation.

• Fibula

  A non-weight-bearing bone providing attachment sites for the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and biceps femoris tendon. It allows slight movement, adding flexibility.

• Patella

  The kneecap, attached to the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament. It rests against the femur's anterior articular surface, protecting the knee joint and acting as a fulcrum for the quadriceps.

• Menisci

  Thin C-shaped layers of fibrocartilage (medial and lateral) that incompletely cover the tibia's surface. They act as shock absorbers, assist in knee rotation, and interact with ligaments for stability. Most of the meniscus lacks blood supply, limiting its healing ability.

• Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

  The major stabilizing ligament of the knee, located centrally and running from the femur to the tibia. It prevents the femur from sliding backward on the tibia and stabilizes the knee rotationally alongside the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).

• Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

  Prevents the femur from moving too far forward over the tibia. It is the knee's basic stabilizer, nearly twice as strong as the ACL, and provides a central axis for knee rotation.

• Collateral Ligaments

  Prevent hyperextension, adduction, and abduction of the knee.

  • Superficial MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament)

    Connects the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia, resisting valgus force.

  • Deep MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament)

    Connects the medial epicondyle of the femur with the medial meniscus.

  • LCL (Lateral Collateral Ligament)

    Separate from the articular capsule, it connects the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the fibula head, resisting varus force.