Michigan

Home/Michigan Michigan State-to-state migration of people and income, 2022–2023 filing years At a glance (2023) Cost of living 94 6% below the U.S. average Median home value $217,600 national $303,400 Home prices, 5 years +47.0% over the 5 years to 2023 Monthly rent $1,084 national $1,348 Homeownership 73% national 65% Unemployment 3.9% national 3.6% Household income $71,149 national $78,538 Median age 40.1 yrs national 38.7 The cost of living runs about 6% below the national average. The median home is valued at $217,600 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 47% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $1,084 a month. Unemployment averaged 3.9% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $71,149. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved. Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Michigan saw a net loss of 9,487 tax-filing households and a net loss of 9,417 individuals. Against a population of about 10,037,261, that is a net outflow of about 0.9 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area lost $1B in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 8,263 households, came from Florida; the largest outflow, about 10,659 households, went to Florida. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net loss of 13,015 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved. Net income (AGI) $1B nominal dollars Net households 9,487 tax returns Net people 9,417 exemptions 0.9 net people per 1,000 residents (population 10,037,261) Income (AGI) in and out Moved in$5.4B Moved out$6.5B Net -$1B (nominal) HowAmericaMoves.com Michigan counties Net migration by county. Hover for figures; click a county to open it. Net outNet in(AGI $) Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves. Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly. Hover an area to trace its top moves HowAmericaMoves.com Top origin states 1Florida8,263$639.9M2Ohio5,728$393.6M3Illinois5,300$567.1M4Indiana5,153$338.6M5Texas5,039$331.5M6California4,987$478.8M7New York2,560$199.6M8Arizona2,521$175.6M9Wisconsin2,334$148.8M10Georgia2,278$121.4M HowAmericaMoves.com Top destination states 1Florida10,659$1.3B2Texas6,285$481.2M3Ohio5,970$358.1M4Illinois5,881$440.6M5California5,218$498M6Indiana4,718$295M7North Carolina3,080$241.2M8New York2,871$225.7M9Georgia2,816$196.7M10Tennessee2,802$204M HowAmericaMoves.com Churn by state both directions at once The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 2022–2023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort. Florida 8,263 10,659 -2,396 -$624.7M Ohio 5,728 5,970 -242 +$35.5M Texas 5,039 6,285 -1,246 -$149.6M Illinois 5,300 5,881 -581 +$126.5M California 4,987 5,218 -231 -$19.2M Indiana 5,153 4,718 +435 +$43.6M New York 2,560 2,871 -311 -$26.1M North Carolina 2,083 3,080 -997 -$102.7M Georgia 2,278 2,816 -538 -$75.2M Arizona 2,521 2,568 -47 -$27.3M Wisconsin 2,334 2,726 -392 -$8.9M Tennessee 2,102 2,802 -700 -$80M Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed. HowAmericaMoves.com Net migration by year Net 2012–2023: -$9.3B (-142,334 people) 20122023 HowAmericaMoves.com Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars) Year Net AGI Net people 2012 -$543.4M -17,185 2013 -$621.3M -13,786 2014 -$726.1M -24,587 2015 -$648.1M -16,518 2016 -$723.3M -12,180 2017 -$467.9M -2,405 2018 -$563.6M -7,497 2019 -$1.1B -13,819 2020 -$383.2M -6,730 2021 -$1.1B -5,195 2022 -$1.4B -13,015 2023 -$1B -9,417 Migration in context How big is this move, relative to the state? In the 2022–2023 filing year, about 9,417 more people left Michigan than moved in (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net loss of about $1B in income (nominal) — in a state of 10,062,124 people. Population 10,062,124 Census 2023 estimate Net migration rate 0.9 net people per 1,000 residents A Town Of 10,000 Would Net About -9 People. Net income per resident −$102 nominal dollars ≈ -$1B total across 10,062,124 residents. The rate lets you compare Michigan with a stateof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people. HowAmericaMoves.com Components of population change 2023 (Census) Where the state’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component. Births +100,955 Deaths 106,173 Net domestic migration 17,137 Net international migration +41,616 Total change +18,218 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers. HowAmericaMoves.com Income & cost of living What a dollar is worth here Prices around Michigan run about 6% below the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $106 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person. Income per person $61,206 what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal) 13% below the U.S. average Price level 94.3 100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity) everyday costs about 5.7% lower than average What that income buys $64,908 local income restated at U.S.-average prices 7% below the U.S. average Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier Price parity shown at the state level (BEA does not publish a single figure below the metro level). HowAmericaMoves.com Where the cost comes from price parity by category Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another. Housing & rents78.9 Goods95.8 Utilities99.7 Other services98.5 Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Who lives here The people of Michigan American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers). Median age 40.1 years Median household income $71,149 per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal) 9% below the U.S. median College degree 32% adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher Poverty rate 13.1% residents below the poverty line Average commute 24 min mean travel time to work Broadband at home 89% households with any broadband Race and ethnicity (share of residents) White 73%Hispanic 6%Black 13%Asian 3%Other 5% White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Housing what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023) Median home value $217,600 owner-occupied homes 28% below the U.S. median Median rent $1,084 gross rent per month 20% below the U.S. median Homeownership 73% of occupied homes are owner-occupied Home-price appreciation FHFA index, 2023 Past year +7.3% price change, 2022 to 2023 Past 5 years +47% price change, 2018 to 2023 A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index. New home construction building permits, 2023 20,592new housing units authorized in 2023 Single-family 70%Multifamily 30% Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey. Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Local economy & risk Jobs and natural hazards Unemployment rate 3.9% BLS 2023 annual average Labor force 5,003,879 4,807,826 employed Disaster declarations — major federal, 2023 Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Unemployment now 5.2% May 2026 ▲ 0.1 points vs May 2025 January 2024May 2026 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this state, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Who’s moving by income Net migration by income bracket Tax-filing households that moved into Michigan minus those that left, by the adjusted gross income they reported, 2022–2023. Positive means more arrived than left at that income level. $1–$10k +1,422 In 8,984Out 7,562+$12.3M AGI $10k–$25k 2,014 In 14,163Out 16,177-$37.8M AGI $25k–$50k 3,467 In 17,419Out 20,886-$128.5M AGI $50k–$75k 1,776 In 10,390Out 12,166-$108.9M AGI $75k–$100k 1,038 In 6,563Out 7,601-$89.3M AGI $100k–$200k 1,560 In 10,076Out 11,636-$218.4M AGI $200k+ 807 In 4,609Out 5,416-$464.7M AGI Among the highest earners ($200k+), Michigan ranks #39 of 51 states for net household migration (-807). Source: IRS Statistics of Income, state-level gross migration file (returns with negative AGI are excluded, so this won’t exactly match the totals above). Income is what filers reported, not a reason anyone moved. Compare all states by income bracket. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Goods trade What Michigan ships and receives Physical goods shipped between Michigan and other states, 2022. This is freight, not the migration of people or income shown above. $332.6B Ships to other states +20% since 2017 $384.9B Receives from states +43% since 2017 $52.3B Net balance Top goods shipped out Motorized and other vehicles (includes parts) $173.5B Machinery $52.5B Mixed freight $36.8B Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, and office equipment $35.1B Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils $28.1B Plastics and rubber $23.9B Top goods received Motorized and other vehicles (includes parts) $107.3B Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, and office equipment $49.8B Machinery $42.1B Mixed freight $36.4B Plastics and rubber $31.6B Base metal in primary or semi-finished forms and in finished basic shapes $30.1B Biggest trading partners (both ways) Goods trade runs in both directions: states swap different goods, so a partner is often near the top of both columns. Net is ships minus receives (positive means Michigan ships more to that partner than it gets back). Partner Ships to Receives Net Total Indiana $30.6B $58.5B -$27.9B $89.1B Ohio $36.8B $49.8B -$13.0B $86.6B Illinois $25.6B $40.4B -$14.8B $65.9B Texas $39.6B $20.7B +$18.8B $60.3B California $18.8B $24.1B -$5.3B $42.9B Kentucky $18.4B $15.6B +$2.8B $34.0B Wisconsin $12.3B $17.4B -$5.1B $29.6B Tennessee $11.0B $15.9B -$5.0B $26.9B Goods shipped every five years by the Census Commodity Flow Survey (a sample, so figures are estimates and the smallest flows are withheld). Value is nominal. The totals and partner table above count trade between Michigan and other states; the goods lists count everything the state ships or receives, including within-state shipments. Compare all states. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Taxes the state collects What Michigan collects in taxes Total state taxes $38.3B FY 2023, nominal Per resident $3,802 total state taxes ÷ population Largest categories (share of total) General sales & gross receipts$12.9B 34% Individual income tax$11.5B 30% Corporation net income tax$3.2B 8% Property taxes$2.7B 7% Other selective sales tax$2B 5% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of State Government Tax Collections. This is what the state government collected (not local taxes), not a measure of any individual’s tax burden. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Elections National maps → How Michigan has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page. President, 1976–2024 Year Democratic Republican Other Margin Total 2024 2,736,533 2,816,636 111,017 R +1.4 5,664,186 2020 2,804,040 2,649,852 85,410 D +2.8 5,539,302 2016 2,268,839 2,279,543 250,902 R +0.2 4,799,284 2012 2,564,569 2,115,256 51,136 D +9.5 4,730,961 2008 2,872,579 2,048,639 80,548 D +16.5 5,001,766 2004 2,479,183 2,313,746 46,323 D +3.4 4,839,252 2000 2,170,418 1,953,139 109,154 D +5.1 4,232,711 1996 1,989,653 1,481,212 377,979 D +13.2 3,848,844 1992 1,871,182 1,554,940 848,551 D +7.4 4,274,673 1988 1,675,783 1,965,486 27,894 R +7.9 3,669,163 1984 1,529,638 2,251,571 20,449 R +19.0 3,801,658 1980 1,661,532 1,915,225 332,968 R +6.5 3,909,725 1976 1,696,714 1,893,742 61,134 R +5.4 3,651,590 U.S. Senate races all states → Year Winner Democratic Republican Other Margin 2024 Elissa Slotkin 2,712,686 2,693,680 170,821 D +0.3 2020 Gary Peters 2,734,568 2,642,233 102,919 D +1.7 2018 Debbie Stabenow 2,214,478 1,938,818 83,957 D +6.5 2014 Gary C. Peters 1,704,936 1,290,199 126,563 D +13.3 2012 Debbie Stabenow 2,735,826 1,767,386 149,637 D +20.8 2008 Carl Levin 3,038,386 1,641,070 169,164 D +28.8 2006 Debbie Stabenow 2,151,278 1,559,597 69,243 D +15.7 2002 Carl Levin 1,896,614 1,185,545 47,128 D +22.7 2000 Debbie Stabenow 2,061,952 1,994,693 111,040 D +1.6 U.S. House seats won district maps → 2024 D 6 R 7 2022 D 7 R 6 2020 D 7 R 7 2018 D 7 R 7 2016 D 5 R 9 2014 D 5 R 9 2012 D 5 R 9 2010 D 6 R 9 2008 D 8 R 7 2006 D 6 R 9 2004 D 6 R 9 2002 D 6 R 9 2000 D 9 R 7 2024 results by county Republican wonDemocratic wonIndependent / other Which party received the most votes, as a solid color.Winning margin as a share of all votes cast.Change in margin since 2020, in percentage points.Total votes cast, all candidates. HowAmericaMoves.com Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast. Counties in Michigan (83) Alcona CountyAlger CountyAllegan CountyAlpena CountyAntrim CountyArenac CountyBaraga CountyBarry CountyBay CountyBenzie CountyBerrien CountyBranch CountyCalhoun CountyCass CountyCharlevoix CountyCheboygan CountyChippewa CountyClare CountyClinton CountyCrawford CountyDelta CountyDickinson CountyEaton CountyEmmet CountyGenesee CountyGladwin CountyGogebic CountyGrand Traverse CountyGratiot CountyHillsdale CountyHoughton CountyHuron CountyIngham CountyIonia CountyIosco CountyIron CountyIsabella CountyJackson CountyKalamazoo CountyKalkaska CountyKent CountyKeweenaw CountyLake CountyLapeer CountyLeelanau CountyLenawee CountyLivingston CountyLuce CountyMackinac CountyMacomb CountyManistee CountyMarquette CountyMason CountyMecosta CountyMenominee CountyMidland CountyMissaukee CountyMonroe CountyMontcalm CountyMontmorency CountyMuskegon CountyNewaygo CountyOakland CountyOceana CountyOgemaw CountyOntonagon CountyOsceola CountyOscoda CountyOtsego CountyOttawa CountyPresque Isle CountyRoscommon CountySaginaw CountySanilac CountySchoolcraft CountyShiawassee CountySt. Clair CountySt. Joseph CountyTuscola CountyVan Buren CountyWashtenaw CountyWayne CountyWexford County Get the next update for Michigan The IRS releases new migration data once a year. 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