West Virginia

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Data on state-to-state migration of people and income in West Virginia for the 2022–2023 filing years.

Overview

• Cost of living: 10% below the U.S. average
• Median home value: $155,600 (national: $303,400)
• Home prices increased 32.7% over the 5 years to 2023
• Monthly rent: $850 (national: $1,348)
• Homeownership rate: 74% (national: 65%)
• Unemployment rate: 3.9% (national: 3.6%)
• Median household income: $57,917 (national: $78,538)
• Median age: 42.7 years (national: 38.7)

Migration Data (2022–2023)

• Net gain of 839 tax-filing households
• Net gain of 3,106 individuals
• Net inflow of 1.8 people per 1,000 residents (population: 1,770,071)
• Net gain of $9.5M in adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars)

Largest inflow: 3,792 households from Virginia. Largest outflow: 3,157 households to Ohio.

Income Flow

• Total AGI moved in: $1.2B
• Total AGI moved out: $1.2B
• Net AGI gain: +$9.5M (nominal)

Top Origin States

• Virginia: 3,792 households, $255.9M AGI
• Ohio: 2,705 households, $122.4M AGI
• Maryland: 2,549 households, $160.4M AGI
• Pennsylvania: 1,981 households, $118.2M AGI
• Florida: 1,581 households, $85.1M AGI

Top Destination States

• Ohio: 3,157 households, $158.5M AGI
• Virginia: 2,725 households, $154.7M AGI
• Pennsylvania: 1,931 households, $113.7M AGI
• Maryland: 1,608 households, $86.5M AGI
• Florida: 1,562 households, $140.6M AGI

Net Migration by Year (2012–2023)

• 2012: -$176.8M AGI, -48 people
• 2013: -$68.9M AGI, -1,885 people
• 2014: -$112M AGI, -3,737 people
• 2015: -$131.1M AGI, -3,111 people
• 2016: -$234.3M AGI, -6,098 people
• 2017: -$312.5M AGI, -8,348 people
• 2018: -$195M AGI, -4,193 people
• 2019: -$212.5M AGI, -5,299 people
• 2020: -$68.9M AGI, -302 people
• 2021: +$33.2M AGI, +2,063 people
• 2022: -$44M AGI, +1,987 people
• 2023: +$9.5M AGI, +3,106 people

Cumulative net migration (2012–2023): -$1.5B AGI, -25,865 people.

Demographics

• Median age: 42.7 years
• Median household income: $57,917 (26% below U.S. median)
• College degree: 23% of adults 25+
• Poverty rate: 16.6%
• Average commute: 27 minutes
• Broadband at home: 84% of households

• Race and ethnicity (share of residents):
• White: 90%
• Hispanic: 2%
• Black: 3%
• Asian: 1%
• Other: 4%

Housing

• Median home value: $155,600 (49% below U.S. median)
• Median rent: $850 (37% below U.S. median)
• Homeownership rate: 74%
• Home-price appreciation (past year): +6.3%
• Home-price appreciation (past 5 years): +33%
• New home construction (2023): 4,014 units authorized (82% single-family, 18% multifamily)

Economy & Employment

• Unemployment rate: 3.9% (2023 annual average)
• Labor force: 788,791 (758,311 employed)

Migration by Income Bracket (2022–2023)

• $1–$10k: +60 households, +$352K AGI
• $10k–$25k: +8 households, -$575K AGI
• $25k–$50k: -171 households, -$5.2M AGI
• $50k–$75k: +356 households, +$22M AGI
• $75k–$100k: +267 households, +$23.5M AGI
• $100k–$200k: +400 households, +$55.9M AGI
• $200k+: -104 households, -$83.4M AGI

Goods Trade (2022)

• Ships to other states: $46.1B (+21% since 2017)
• Receives from other states: $63.0B (+33% since 2017)
• Net balance: -$16.8B

Top goods shipped out:

• Coal: $11.6B
• Mixed freight: $6.2B
• Machinery: $5.3B
• Base metal: $4.6B
• Plastics and rubber: $4.5B
• Basic chemicals: $3.0B

Top goods received:

• Mixed freight: $7.8B
• Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel: $7.4B
• Base metal: $4.0B
• Plastics and rubber: $3.8B
• Machinery: $3.5B
• Fuel oils: $3.2B

Biggest trading partners (both ways):

• Ohio: $7.3B shipped, $10.4B received (net: -$3.1B)
• Pennsylvania: $5.7B shipped, $10.9B received (net: -$5.2B)
• Kentucky: $13.7B received
• Virginia: $6.3B shipped, $3.6B received (net: +$2.7B)
• Indiana: $3.6B shipped, $1.9B received (net: +$1.6B)