Vermont

Home/Vermont Vermont State-to-state migration of people and income, 2022–2023 filing years At a glance (2023) Cost of living 97 3% below the U.S. average Median home value $290,500 national $303,400 Home prices, 5 years +58.4% over the 5 years to 2023 Monthly rent $1,193 national $1,348 Homeownership 73% national 65% Unemployment 1.9% national 3.6% Household income $78,024 national $78,538 Median age 43.0 yrs national 38.7 The cost of living runs about 3% below the national average. The median home is valued at $290,500 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 58% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $1,193 a month. Unemployment averaged 1.9% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $78,024. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved. Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Vermont saw a net loss of 370 tax-filing households and a net gain of 27 individuals. Against a population of about 647,464, that is a net inflow of about 0 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area gained $87.4M in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 1,566 households, came from New York; the largest outflow, about 1,546 households, went to New York. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net gain of 1,337 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved. Net income (AGI) +$87.4M nominal dollars Net households 370 tax returns Net people +27 exemptions +0.0 net people per 1,000 residents (population 647,464) Income (AGI) in and out Moved in$934.8M Moved out$847.4M Net +$87.4M (nominal) HowAmericaMoves.com Vermont counties Net migration by county. Hover for figures; click a county to open it. Net outNet in(AGI $) Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves. Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly. Hover an area to trace its top moves HowAmericaMoves.com Top origin states 1New York1,566$122.1M2Massachusetts1,540$172.3M3New Hampshire1,243$78.2M4Florida778$67M5Connecticut579$50.6M6California523$53.8M7Pennsylvania429$38.6M8New Jersey390$36.5M9Maine357$21.7M10Colorado331$21.9M HowAmericaMoves.com Top destination states 1New York1,546$103.5M2New Hampshire1,353$87.4M3Massachusetts1,339$96.1M4Florida1,043$107.1M5North Carolina537$39.5M6Maine503$33.8M7California440$35.3M8Connecticut428$33.1M9Pennsylvania360$21.4M10Colorado349$22.4M HowAmericaMoves.com Churn by state both directions at once The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 2022–2023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort. New York 1,566 1,546 +20 +$18.6M Massachusetts 1,540 1,339 +201 +$76.2M New Hampshire 1,243 1,353 -110 -$9.1M Florida 778 1,043 -265 -$40M Connecticut 579 428 +151 +$17.4M California 523 440 +83 +$18.5M Maine 357 503 -146 -$12M North Carolina 269 537 -268 -$22.1M Pennsylvania 429 360 +69 +$17.2M Colorado 331 349 -18 -$507K Texas 327 312 +15 +$2.7M New Jersey 390 209 +181 +$18.5M Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed. HowAmericaMoves.com Net migration by year Net 2012–2023: +$949.1M (-540 people) 20122023 HowAmericaMoves.com Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars) Year Net AGI Net people 2012 -$87.3M -1,260 2013 +$6.3M -898 2014 -$96.4M -1,285 2015 -$45.9M -1,083 2016 -$31.9M -1,726 2017 +$42M +36 2018 +$19.3M -519 2019 -$28.5M -1,343 2020 +$448.5M +3,131 2021 +$365.2M +3,043 2022 +$270.5M +1,337 2023 +$87.4M +27 Migration in context How big is this move, relative to the state? In the 2022–2023 filing year, about 27 more people moved into Vermont than left (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net gain of about $87.4M in income (nominal) — in a state of 647,722 people. Population 647,722 Census 2023 estimate Net migration rate +0.0 net people per 1,000 residents A Town Of 10,000 Would Net About 0 People. Net income per resident +$135 nominal dollars ≈ +$87.4M total across 647,722 residents. The rate lets you compare Vermont with a stateof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people. HowAmericaMoves.com Components of population change 2023 (Census) Where the state’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component. Births +5,089 Deaths 6,833 Net domestic migration +782 Net international migration +1,185 Total change +108 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers. HowAmericaMoves.com Income & cost of living What a dollar is worth here Prices around Vermont run about 3% below the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $103 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person. Income per person $67,918 what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal) 3% below the U.S. average Price level 97.1 100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity) everyday costs about 2.9% lower than average What that income buys $69,916 local income restated at U.S.-average prices 0% below the U.S. average Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier Price parity shown at the state level (BEA does not publish a single figure below the metro level). HowAmericaMoves.com Where the cost comes from price parity by category Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another. Housing & rents82.3 Goods97.9 Utilities122.1 Other services101.7 Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Who lives here The people of Vermont American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers). Median age 43.0 years Median household income $78,024 per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal) 1% below the U.S. median College degree 43% adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher Poverty rate 10.3% residents below the poverty line Average commute 23 min mean travel time to work Broadband at home 88% households with any broadband Race and ethnicity (share of residents) White 91%Hispanic 2%Black 1%Asian 2%Other 4% White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Housing what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023) Median home value $290,500 owner-occupied homes 4% below the U.S. median Median rent $1,193 gross rent per month 11% below the U.S. median Homeownership 73% of occupied homes are owner-occupied Home-price appreciation FHFA index, 2023 Past year +13.2% price change, 2022 to 2023 Past 5 years +58% price change, 2018 to 2023 A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index. New home construction building permits, 2023 2,456new housing units authorized in 2023 Single-family 53%Multifamily 47% Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey. Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Local economy & risk Jobs and natural hazards Unemployment rate 1.9% BLS 2023 annual average Labor force 349,476 342,686 employed Disaster declarations 3 major federal, 2023 most common: Flood Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Unemployment now 2.4% May 2026 ▲ 0.1 points vs May 2025 January 2024May 2026 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this state, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Who’s moving by income Net migration by income bracket Tax-filing households that moved into Vermont minus those that left, by the adjusted gross income they reported, 2022–2023. Positive means more arrived than left at that income level. $1–$10k 59 In 993Out 1,052-$27K AGI $10k–$25k 22 In 1,962Out 1,984-$354K AGI $25k–$50k 399 In 3,056Out 3,455-$15.4M AGI $50k–$75k 217 In 1,710Out 1,927-$12.6M AGI $75k–$100k 34 In 1,024Out 1,058-$2.7M AGI $100k–$200k +132 In 1,621Out 1,489+$19.6M AGI $200k+ +222 In 909Out 687+$99.7M AGI Among the highest earners ($200k+), Vermont ranks #19 of 51 states for net household migration (+222). Source: IRS Statistics of Income, state-level gross migration file (returns with negative AGI are excluded, so this won’t exactly match the totals above). Income is what filers reported, not a reason anyone moved. Compare all states by income bracket. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Goods trade What Vermont ships and receives Physical goods shipped between Vermont and other states, 2022. This is freight, not the migration of people or income shown above. $15.3B Ships to other states 15% since 2017 $21.2B Receives from states +37% since 2017 $5.9B Net balance Top goods shipped out Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils $4.0B Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, and office equipment $3.0B Machinery $1.6B Miscellaneous manufactured products $1.5B Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather $1.3B Plastics and rubber $836M Top goods received Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, and office equipment $2.3B Mixed freight $2.0B Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils $1.5B Pharmaceutical products $1.4B Motorized and other vehicles (includes parts) $833M Miscellaneous manufactured products $827M Biggest trading partners (both ways) Goods trade runs in both directions: states swap different goods, so a partner is often near the top of both columns. Net is ships minus receives (positive means Vermont ships more to that partner than it gets back). Partner Ships to Receives Net Total New York $1.9B $4.1B -$2.2B $6.0B Massachusetts $1.6B $4.2B -$2.6B $5.8B New Hampshire $981M $2.1B -$1.1B $3.0B New Jersey $1.2B $1.3B -$129M $2.6B Pennsylvania $1.2B $1.0B +$226M $2.3B Connecticut $528M $926M -$398M $1.5B Maine $843M $486M +$357M $1.3B California $727M $565M +$162M $1.3B Goods shipped every five years by the Census Commodity Flow Survey (a sample, so figures are estimates and the smallest flows are withheld). Value is nominal. The totals and partner table above count trade between Vermont and other states; the goods lists count everything the state ships or receives, including within-state shipments. Compare all states. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Taxes the state collects What Vermont collects in taxes Total state taxes $4.5B FY 2023, nominal Per resident $6,945 total state taxes ÷ population Largest categories (share of total) Property taxes$1.2B 27% Individual income tax$1.2B 27% Other selective sales tax$609.4M 14% General sales & gross receipts$584.7M 13% Corporation net income tax$299.6M 7% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of State Government Tax Collections. This is what the state government collected (not local taxes), not a measure of any individual’s tax burden. How the data works. HowAmericaMoves.com Elections National maps → How Vermont has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page. President, 1976–2024 Year Democratic Republican Other Margin Total 2024 235,791 119,395 14,236 D +31.2 372,885 2020 242,826 112,708 15,292 D +35.1 370,826 2016 178,573 95,369 41,135 D +26.4 315,077 2012 199,239 92,698 7,353 D +35.6 299,290 2008 219,262 98,974 6,810 D +37.0 325,046 2004 184,067 121,180 7,062 D +20.1 312,309 2000 149,022 119,775 25,511 D +9.9 294,308 1996 137,894 80,352 40,203 D +22.3 258,449 1992 133,592 88,122 67,987 D +15.7 289,701 1988 115,775 124,331 3,222 R +3.5 243,328 1984 95,730 135,865 2,966 R +17.1 234,561 1980 81,952 94,628 36,719 R +5.9 213,299 1976 77,798 100,387 5,717 R +12.3 183,902 U.S. Senate races all states → Year Winner Democratic Republican Other Margin 2024 Bernie Sanders — 116,512 256,373 — 2022 Peter Welch 196,575 80,468 10,343 D +40.4 2018 Bernie Sanders — 74,663 197,667 — 2016 Patrick J. Leahy 192,243 103,637 24,278 D +27.6 2012 Bernard Sanders — 72,898 219,612 — 2010 Patrick J. Leahy 151,281 72,699 11,085 D +33.4 2006 Bernard Sanders — 84,924 177,228 — 2004 Patrick J. Leahy 216,972 75,398 14,664 D +46.1 2000 James M. Jeffords 73,352 189,133 25,654 R +40.1 U.S. House seats won district maps → 2024 D 1 R 0 2022 D 1 R 0 2020 D 1 R 0 2018 D 1 R 0 2016 D 1 R 0 2014 D 1 R 0 2012 D 1 R 0 2010 D 1 R 0 2008 D 1 R 0 2006 D 1 R 0 2004 D 0 R 0 O 1 2002 D 0 R 0 O 1 2000 D 0 R 0 O 1 2024 results by county Republican wonDemocratic wonIndependent / other Which party received the most votes, as a solid color.Winning margin as a share of all votes cast.Change in margin since 2020, in percentage points.Total votes cast, all candidates. HowAmericaMoves.com Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast. Counties in Vermont (14) Addison CountyBennington CountyCaledonia CountyChittenden CountyEssex CountyFranklin CountyGrand Isle CountyLamoille CountyOrange CountyOrleans CountyRutland CountyWashington CountyWindham CountyWindsor County Get the next update for Vermont The IRS releases new migration data once a year. Drop your email and we will send the refreshed numbers when they land. No spam, unsubscribe anytime. Email address